COMPUTER NETWORKS

Unit-I

INFORMATION THEORY: Information source: Message, Measuring information, symbol information, message information. Entropy: Maximum entropy, source coding, ford & variable- length code, distinict codes, relationship average codes length, code efficiency , relationship between  entropy & average length, design codes, shennons-farro encoding, Huffman encoding. ERROR DETECTION: Types of errors single bit error, burst error, Detection redundancy, Vertical redundancy check (VRC), Longitudinal Redundancy check(LRC), Cyclic Redundancy Check(CRC) performance, Application, Error correction. ETHERNET:10Mbps Access method: CSMA/CD, Layers, Data Link Layers , Physical Layers, MAC Sub Layer, Frame, Addressing, Frame Length, Slot time, Physical Layers,PLS.AUI,MAU(transceiver),MDI Implementation10 box 5 : Thick ethernet,10 box 2 : Thick ethernet, 10 box -T: Twisted -pair ethernet, 10 box-FL: Fiber link ethernet. FAST & GAGABIT ETHERNET: Bridged ethernet raising the band width , separating collission, Domains, switched ethernet, Full-Duplex eyhernet: to need for CSMA/CD, MAC control  a new sub layer, PAUSE pocket, fast ethernet datalink layer, physical layer, fast ethernet MAC sub layer, slot time, auto negotoation, fast ethernet physical layer, reconciliation, MII,PHY(xceiver)MDI, fast ethernet implementation 100 box-TX, 100 box-FX, 100 box-T4, Gigabit ethernet datalink layer, physical layer, Gigabit ethernet MAC sublayer Access method, Gigabit ethernet physical layer Reconciliation, GMII,PHY(xceiver),MDI, Gigabit ethernet  implementation 1000 box -X ,1000 box -T. Internet Address: Universal identifier, three primary classes of IP address, weakness in internet addressing.  

Unit-II  

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP): Address resolution problem, Types of Physical Address , resolution through  direct maping & dynamic binding, ARP cache & refinements, ARP implementation , Encapsulation & indentification, ARP protocol format. Reverse address resolution protocol (RARP): RARP, timing RARP transactions, primary &. Internet protocol (IP): Virtual network, connectionless delivery, internet datagram, routing in an internet, direct & indirect delivery, next-Hub routing, host-specific routs, router concepts, functioning, IP routing algorithm, routing with IP address. ICMP: ICMP message format & message delivery, congestion & datagram flow control, route change requests from routers, detecting excessively long routs, transmit time estimation, clock synchronization & transit time estimation, subnet  addressing , flexibility, implementation & representative & maintenance,  subnet routing algorithms, unified routing algorithms , supernet addressing & its effect on routing, ICMPV6. Protocol layering & UDP: x.25 and its relation to the ISO model, protocol layering principle, bandarise of TCP/IP, Disadvantages of layering, UDP checksum computation, UDP multiplexing, demulitiplexing and ports.  

Unit III

Transport service & Routing: TCP:Transmission control protocol, sliding windows, ports, connections & end points, variable windows, size and flow control, TCP segment  format, TCP checksum computation, time out & retransmission, karns algorithms & timer back off, TCP connection establishment, initial sequence numbers, closing TCP connection , TCP state machine & forcing data delivery, silly window system & concept for avoiding it. Routing: Origin of routing tables, core routers, peer backbones, automatic route propagation, bellmen – ford routing, Gateway-to-Gateway prtocol & its message format, link state routing & its protocols, spanning tree & Bridges. Exterior Gateway protocol(EGP): EGP message header, extra hops, EGP Acquisition & reliability message , routing update messages ,  key restriction of EGP. Interior routes: Static Vs Dynamic interior routs, routing information protocol (RIP) , Hello protocol, combining RIP, hello & EGP, routing with partial information.

Unit-IV

ATM & other high speed networks: ATM, hardware, Logical view of an ATM network, paths, circuits & identifiers ,ATM  cell transport & adaptation layers,AAL5 convergence, segmentation & resemble , IP MTU size & datagram encapsulation, IP address binding in an ATM network, logical IP subnet concept, address binding within an LIS, ATMARP pocket format, timing out ATMARP information in a server, host or router. Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI): Access method: token passing,FDDI layers,MAC sub layers, frame format,PHY sublayer, data rate, encoding,PMD sublayer, dual ring, nodes. Distributed quence dual bus(DQDB): Access method: Dual bus directional traffic, transmission slots, distributed quences using a quence for bus access quence structure, ring configuration, operation: DQDB Layers the DQDB header, implementation. Network management: Configuration management reconfiguration, documentation,fault management reactive fault management, proactive fault management, performance management capacity, traffic, transport, response time,security  management   and accounting  management, SNMP concept & SMI, firewalling.  

Unit-V

Wireless LANs & virtual LANs (WLANs & VLANs): Wireless LANs.- Wireless transmission  radio frequency ,infrared transmission ISM frequency band Architecture basic service set, extended service set & station types MAC Layer distribution coordination function (DCF), point coordination function (PCF) , frame format,Addressing mechanism, frame types.Physical Layer: Frequency hopping spread spectrum, direct sequence spread spectrum, infrared. High data rate standard new physical layer Virtual LAN membership port number, MAC address , IP address, multicast IP address, combination. Configuration:  Manual Configuration, automatic Configuration, semi automatic Configuration, communication between switches table maintenance, frame tagging & TDM , IEEE standard, Advantages cost & time reduction, creating virtual workgroup. Virtual private network (VPNs):  Achieving privacy private networks, hybrid networks, private  virtual networks,VPN technology encryption/ authentication tunneling .

    Books

•   Internetworking with TCP/IP; Vol I:Principals, protocols & architecture by Danglas E.comer (PHI)

•  Local area networks: by Behroug A.Forougam, (Tata-McGrawhill)

•  Computer Network by Tanenbaum (PHI)